When we think of summer in India, most of us imagine rising temperatures, scorching afternoons, and dry winds. But what many don’t realize is that the health risks from extreme heat don't just vanish once the monsoon begins. Even after the rains arrive, lingering heatwaves and humid conditions can still put people at risk—especially when we become less cautious, thinking the danger has passed.

Having worked on the frontlines as a healthcare professional, I’ve seen firsthand how common heat stroke has become in our country. It’s deeply concerning because, unlike many other illnesses, heat stroke is almost always preventable. This article will guide you through everything you need to know how to recognize heat stroke symptoms, respond quickly, and protect those most vulnerable—even during the monsoon season.

Let’s start by understanding why this topic deserves your attention now more than ever.

India’s Heatwave Crisis: Why It Matters More Than Ever

In recent years, the temperature across many parts of India has been consistently exceeding 45°C during peak summer. According to the World Health Organization, over 166,000 deaths worldwide between 1998 and 2017 were linked to extreme heat. These numbers are alarming—and they only reflect reported cases.

The summer of 2025 brought with it something India had never seen before: heatwave warnings in February. On February 25, both Goa and Maharashtra experienced the country’s first-ever winter-season heatwave, as declared by the India Meteorological Department (IMD). Later, in April and May, temperatures soared to 48°C in parts of Rajasthan and touched 47°C in cities like Delhi, Lucknow, and Sri Ganganagar. These conditions prompted health departments to issue red alerts, urging citizens to take precautions.

Interestingly, some regions such as Vidarbha and Central India saw the monsoon arrive early this year—around May 24—with average temperatures dipping about 4°C below normal. While this brought temporary relief, it doesn’t eliminate the lingering effects of the heat or the risk of heat-related illnesses.

What is Heat Stroke and How Does It Affect the Human Body?

In simple terms, heat stroke occurs when your body fails to cool itself effectively. It is a serious medical emergency. Normally, our bodies maintain a stable temperature through sweating and natural cooling mechanisms. But during extreme heat or prolonged exposure, especially when the humidity is high (as it often is during the monsoon), these systems can break down.

When that happens, your core body temperature can spike dangerously. And if immediate action isn’t taken, the consequences can be fatal.

Here are the warning signs to look out for:

• A body temperature above 40°C
• Red, dry skin (a sign that sweating has stopped)
• Dizziness or confusion
• Rapid heartbeat or difficulty breathing
• Vomiting or seizures
• Sudden fainting or unconsciousness

If anyone around you experiences these symptoms, do not wait. Call for medical assistance immediately.

What to Do in a Heat Emergency: First Aid That Could Save Lives

Many people panic or freeze during emergencies, unsure of what steps to take. Over the years, I’ve seen delays cost lives—often because families simply didn’t know what to do.

Here's what I always advise during a suspected heat stroke incident:

• Call an ambulance immediately. Time is critical.
• Move the person to a shaded or cooler area—indoors, under a tree, or in a breezy corridor.
• Remove excess clothing to allow the body to release heat.
• Apply cold, wet clothes or use an ice pack wrapped in a towel, focusing on key body areas like the neck, armpits, and groin.
• Gently fan the person to help the body cool down faster.
• If the person is unconscious or drowsy, do not attempt to give them water.

This simple approach can make all the difference between recovery and danger.

Who is Most Vulnerable to Heat Stroke?

One might assume that with the arrival of monsoon rains, the risk disappears. But in many areas, the combination of high humidity and residual heat can still trigger health problems. As a nurse, I’ve observed that certain groups are especially at risk:

• Infants and toddlers whose bodies cannot regulate temperature efficiently
• Elderly individuals, particularly those living alone or without caregivers
• People suffering from chronic conditions such as heart disease or diabetes
• Pregnant women, whose bodies already face increased stress
• Outdoor workers—farmers, daily wage labourers, and construction workers—who often continue working in uncomfortable conditions, rain or shine

Ancient Indian texts often emphasized balance in the body, or samatva, especially in Ayurveda. Just as imbalances in pitta (the dosha associated with heat) were seen as dangerous, today we must recognize how overexposure to heat disrupts our internal equilibrium.

Simple Prevention Tips That Every Family Should Follow

You don’t need fancy gadgets or expensive equipment to prevent heat stroke. What’s needed is awareness and a few mindful practices. I often recommend the following preventive habits to every household:

Hydration is non-negotiable. Keep drinking water regularly—even if you don’t feel thirsty. The body loses moisture quickly, especially in hot and humid weather. Avoid tea, coffee, or alcohol during the day, as they can cause dehydration.

Choose the right clothes. Wear loose-fitting, light-coloured clothes made of breathable fabrics like cotton. Cover your head with a cotton scarf when stepping outdoors. This has been part of Indian tradition for centuries—and for good reason.

Avoid stepping out during peak heat hours. From 11 a.m. to 4 p.m., the sun’s rays are at their strongest. Plan errands or work early in the morning or after sunset if possible.

Cool your environment. Use fans, take cool showers, and keep wet towels on your neck or face to regulate body temperature. Visit a library, public building, or cooling centre if your home gets too warm.

Even during the monsoon, heat can linger, and humidity can add to the risk—so don't let your guard down.

The Role of Nurses and Health Workers in Heat Stroke Awareness

In community health, we often serve as the first line of defense. I’ve held awareness sessions in urban slums, taught schoolchildren to recognize early signs, and trained volunteers to act fast when someone collapses in the heat.

Nurses and health workers can:

• Educate families on symptoms and prevention
• Identify and assist vulnerable individuals during field visits
• Work with local authorities to ensure access to government-run cooling centres or shelters
• Be present and prepared during public events, festivals, or high-risk seasons

In ancient India, healers were revered not just for treating illnesses, but for preventing them. As modern-day caregivers, we carry forward that legacy—seva bhava (the spirit of service) remains central to our work.

Let’s Stay Prepared, Even During Monsoon

Heat stroke isn’t just a summer-time concern—it’s a serious and growing public health threat, especially in our urban environments where the "heat island" effect makes temperatures even more intense.

Whether you’re a student, parent, caregiver, or teacher, your role in spreading awareness can help prevent suffering and even save lives. One conversation, one shared tip, or one act of preparedness can have a lasting impact.

Let’s not wait for tragedy to strike. Let’s act now—stay alert, stay informed, and stay safe.

Cautionary Note: Always seek immediate medical attention in the event of heat stroke symptoms. While preventive care is powerful, timely medical support is crucial and lifesaving.